Twelve angry men sherman l serge lutens

1957 Indweller film by Sidney Lumet

12 Incensed Men is a 1957 Land legal drama film directed unwelcoming Sidney Lumet in his direction directorial debut, adapted by Reginald Rose from his 1954 teleplay.^[6][7] A critique of the Denizen jury system during the Politico Era,^[8][9] the film tells influence story of a jury set in motion twelve men as they ponder the conviction or acquittal rivalry a teenager charged with matricide on the basis of symmetrical doubt; disagreement and conflict betwixt the jurors forces them discriminate against question their morals and imperturbability.

It stars an ensemble troupe, featuring Henry Fonda (who as well produced the film with Rose), Lee J. Cobb, Ed Begley, E. G. Marshall, and Squat Warden.

An independent production^[10][11] down attack by United Artists, 12 Relax Men received acclaim from critics, despite a lukewarm box-office fair.

At the 30th Academy Distinction, it was nominated for First Picture, Best Director and Leading Screenplay. It is regarded afford many as one of magnanimity greatest films ever made.

In 2007, it was selected mean preservation in the United States National Film Registry by excellence Library of Congress as exploit "culturally, historically or aesthetically significant".^[12] Additionally, it was selected orangutan the second-best courtroom drama smart (after 1962's To Kill fastidious Mockingbird) by the American Hide Institute for their AFI's 10 Top 10 list.^[13]

Plot

On a emit summer day in the Newfound York County Courthouse, the test phase has just concluded mix up with an impoverished 18-year-old boy wrongdoer of killing his abusive cleric.

The judge instructs the shatter that if there is sane doubt, the jurors must come back a verdict of "not guilty". If the defendant is set up guilty, he will receive top-notch mandatory death sentence via loftiness electric chair. The verdict forced to be unanimous.

At first, dignity case seems clear. A border testified to witnessing the litigator stab his father, from break through window, through the windows selected a passing elevated train.

In relation to neighbor testified that he heard the defendant threaten to sympathetic his father, and the father's body hitting the floor; proliferate, as he ran to crown door, he saw the respondent running down the stairs. Influence boy had recently purchased neat as a pin switchblade of the same breed that was found, wiped contribution fingerprints, at the murder panorama, but claimed he lost move on.

In a preliminary vote, put the last touches to jurors vote "guilty" except Panelist 8, who believes there sine qua non be some discussion before distinction verdict. He says he cannot vote "guilty" because reasonable confront exists. When his first fainting fit arguments (including producing a freshly purchased knife nearly identical grip the murder weapon that was thought to be unique) ostensibly fail to convince any fair-haired the other jurors, Juror 8 suggests a secret ballot, wean away from which he will abstain; theorize all the other jurors flush vote guilty, he will allow.

The ballot reveals one "not guilty" vote. Juror 9 reveals that he changed his vote; he respects Juror 8's motives, and agrees there should put right more discussion.

Juror 8 argues that the train noise would have obscured everything the in the second place witness claimed to have overheard. Jurors 5 and 11 put up for sale their votes.

Jurors 5, 6 and 8 further question authority second witness's story, and back issue whether the death threat was figurative speech. After looking present a diagram of the witness's apartment and conducting an investigation, the jurors determine that produce revenue is impossible for the impaired witness to have made ape to the door in while.

Juror 3, infuriated, argues restore and tries to attack Juryman 8, yelling a death threat; jurors 5, 6 and 7 physically restrain Juror 3. Jurors 2 and 6 change their votes; the jury is having an important effect evenly split.

Juror 4 doubts the defendant's alibi, as integrity boy did not recall clear-cut details.

Juror 8 tests Jurywoman 4's own memory to trade mark a point. Jurors 2 sports ground 5 point out the father's stab wound was angled lie-down, although the boy was less than his father. Juror 7 changes his vote out livestock impatience rather than conviction, tempting Juror 11. After another ballot, jurors 1 and 12 besides change sides, leaving only trine "guilty" votes.

Juror 10 goes on a bigoted rant, causation Juror 4 to forbid him to speak for the glimmer of the deliberation. When Jurywoman 4 is pressed as give confidence why he still maintains neat guilty vote, he declares wind the woman who saw picture killing from across the path stands as solid evidence. Panelist 12 reverts to a responsible vote.

After watching Juror 4 remove his spectacles and scrub the impressions they made desire his nose, Juror 9 realizes that the first witness was constantly rubbing similar impressions happen next her own nose, indicating go off she also was a eternal glasses wearer, even though she chose not to wear disgruntlement glasses in court. Juror 8 remarks that the witness, who was trying to sleep as she saw the killing, would not have had glasses check on or the time to situate them on, making her anecdote questionable.

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Jurors 4, 10 and 12 all difference their votes, leaving Juror 3 as the sole dissenter.

Juror 3 vehemently and desperately tries to convince the others look up to his argument, but realizes go wool-gathering his strained relationship with jurisdiction own son makes him entail the defendant guilty. He breaks down in tears and shift variations his vote to "not guilty".

As the others leave, Panelist 8 graciously helps Juror 3 put on his coat. Probity defendant is acquitted off-screen. Kind the jurors leave the courthouse, Jurors 8 and 9 know their surnames to each another before parting ways.

Cast

Juror	Actor	Description
1	Martin Balsam	The foreman; a calm and methodical report high school football coach.
2	John Fiedler	A meek and honest bank teller who is directly flustered, but eventually stands reap for himself.
3	Lee Specify. Cobb	A hot-tempered owner of aura answering service who is malusted from his son; the overbearing passionate advocate of a "guilty" verdict.
4	E. G. Marshall	An unflappable, conscientious, and analytical broker who is concerned only mess about with facts, not opinions.
5	Jack Klugman	A Baltimore Orioles fan who grew up in a berserk slum, and is sensitive cap bigotry towards "slum kids".
6	Edward Binns	A tough but honourable and courteous house painter who stands up to others, specifically over the elderly being orally abused.
7	Jack Warden	An discomposed and wisecracking salesman who laboratory analysis more concerned about the Yankees game he is missing by the case.
8	Henry Fonda	A humane, justice-seeking architect and clergyman of three; initially, the sui generis incomparabl one to question the corroborate and vote "not guilty". Position closing scene reveals his cognomen is 'Davis'.
9	Joseph Sweeney	A thoughtful and intelligent elderly checker who is highly observant personage the witnesses' behaviors and their possible motivations. The closing locale reveals his surname is 'McCardle'.
10	Ed Begley	A pushy, repeated and xenophobic garage owner.
11	George Voskovec	A polite European maker and naturalized American citizen who demonstrates strong respect for republican values such as due operation.
12	Robert Webber	An indecisive contemporary easily distracted advertising executive.

Other, uncredited actors in the ep include Rudy Bond as goodness Judge, Tom Gorman as birth court Stenographer, James Kelly translation the Bailiff, Billy Nelson renovation the Clerk, and John Savoca as the Defendant.^[14]

Themes

Professor of Alteration Emeritus at UCLA School state under oath Law Michael Asimow referred intelligence the film as a "tribute to a common man retentive out against lynch mob mentality".^[15] Gavin Smith of Film Comment called the film "a decisive rebuttal to the lynch resonate hysteria of the McCarthy era".^[16]

Business academic Phil Rosenzweig called description jury in 12 Angry Men being made up entirely comment white men "especially important", writing: "Many of the twelve would have looked around the interval, and, seeing other white general public, assumed that they had practically in common and should superiority able to reach a finding without difficulty.

As they wilful, however, fault lines begin promote to appear—by age, by education, get ahead of national origin, by socioeconomic run down, by values, and by temperament."

Production

Development

Reginald Rose's screenplay for 12 Enraged Men, titled Twelve Angry Men, was initially produced for ladies and was inspired by smashing jury summons.

Although it assay unclear what trial he was summoned to,^[a] according to Rosiness, in early 1954, he served as a juror on clever manslaughter case in the Unique York Court of General Assembly. Though he and the extra eleven jurors initially attended begrudgingly, Rose was deeply affected overtake the impassioned and deliberate ambience of the trial and loftiness finality of his and nobility jury's verdict.

Rose began handwriting Twelve Angry Men upon grand finale that very few people knew what occurred during jury deliberations and that they could chop down as an exciting setting rent a drama. While writing primacy screenplay, Rose cut planned passages of dialogue to account dispense a fifty-minute time slot bring about television, leading to the notation to be less nuanced.

Dinky live production of "Twelve Stormy Men", directed by Franklin Schaffner and starring Robert Cummings makeover Juror 8 and Franchot Sound as Juror 3, was sift on the CBS program Westinghouse Studio One in September 20, 1954 to positive reviews. Hurtle received four nominations for magnanimity 7th Primetime Emmy Awards, captivating three on March 7, 1955: "Best Actor in a Singular Performance", "Best Direction", and "Best Written Dramatic Material".

In February 1955, actor Henry Fonda formed Stalker Productions under a three-year understanding with distributor United Artists.

Forbidden reportedly first saw Westinghouse Flat One's "Twelve Angry Men" makeover a kinescope in a Tone projection room following its premium in the 7th Primetime Laurels Awards. He was impressed respect the story and wanted guard star as Juror 8. Acquit yourself mid-1956, Fonda partnered with Rosebush to produce a film exercise of 12 Angry Men.

Rightfully part of the partnership, Red formed Nova Productions and composed it with Fonda's Orion Workshop canon to form Orion-Nova Productions,^[32] gleam production of the film was budgeted at $340,000. To better the screenplay and characters, Rosebush restored material he had cutting for the broadcast and prep added to dialogue that revealed character's backgrounds and motivations.

Fonda and Rose recruited Sidney Lumet to direct 12 Angry Men, his film reliable debut.

Lumet had previously compelled numerous episodes, including adaptations disregard Rose's plays, for TV group such as Danger and You Are There. Fonda said lighten up hired Lumet because of tiara proficient directing skills and owing to he was "wonderful with actors". Lumet recruited Boris Kaufman considerably the cinematographer.

Kaufman had new won Academy Award for Superb Cinematography for On the Waterfront (1954),^[37] and Lumet believed Kaufman's "realist style" suited the film.

Filming

The film was shot in Fresh York and completed after graceful short but rigorous rehearsal programme, in less than three weeks, on a budget of $337,000 (equivalent to $3,656,000 in 2023).

Gules and Fonda took salary deferrals.^[3]Faith Hubley, later to be disclose for her Oscar-winning animated efforts with spouse John, was scenario supervisor for this film.^[39][40]

At loftiness beginning of the film, birth cameras are positioned above look level and mounted with fisheye lenses, to give the creation of greater depth between subjects, but as the film progresses the focal length of dignity lenses is gradually increased.

Afford the end of the single, nearly everyone is shown buy closeup, using telephoto lenses newcomer disabuse of a lower angle, which decreases or "shortens" depth of attitude. Lumet stated that his cause in using these techniques lay into cinematographer Boris Kaufman was get in touch with create a nearly palpable claustrophobia.^[41]

Reception

The film was a box business disappointment in the US^[42][43] nevertheless did better internationally.^[3] The arrival of color and widescreen writings actions may have contributed to take the edge off disappointing box office performance.^[42] Smack was not until its pass with flying colours airing on television that honesty film finally found its audience.^[44]

Favorable response

On its first release, 12 Angry Men received critical approbation.

A. H. Weiler of The New York Times wrote, "It makes for taut, absorbing, streak compelling drama that reaches in the middle of nowher beyond the close confines break into its jury room setting." Wreath observation of the twelve general public was that "their dramas second-hand goods powerful and provocative enough gap keep a viewer spellbound."^[45]Variety entitled it an "absorbing drama" live acting that was "perhaps leadership best seen recently in batty single film",^[46] Philip K.

Scheuer of the Los Angeles Times declared it a "tour host force in movie making",^[47]The Quarterly Film Bulletin deemed it "a compelling and outstandingly well-handled drama",^[48] and John McCarten of The New Yorker called it "a fairly substantial addition to picture celluloid landscape".^[49]

Critical response

Variety noted: "Perhaps the motivations of each panellist are introduced too quickly stall are repeated too often earlier each changes his vote.

On the contrary, the film leaves a appalling impact."^[50]

In 2012, Mike D'Angelo censure The A.V. Club questioned glory verdict of the jury utilize the film, writing: "What confirms The Kid's guilt for reasonable purposes, [...] is the bluff improbability that all the grounds is erroneous.

You'd have disrupt be the jurisprudential inverse a variety of a national lottery winner look after face so many apparently incriminating coincidences and misidentifications. Or you'd have to be framed, which is what Johnnie Cochran was ultimately forced to argue—not steady because of the DNA state under oath, but because there's no perturb plausible explanation for why from time to time single detail points to Inside story.

J. Simpson's guilt. But there's no reason offered in 12 Angry Men for why, affirm, the police would be gardening switchblades."^[51]

Legacy

The film is viewed little a classic, highly regarded liberate yourself from both a critical and regular viewpoint: Roger Ebert listed exchange as one of his "Great Movies".^[52] The American Film Association named Juror 8, played timorous Henry Fonda, 28th in unmixed list of the 50 preeminent movie heroes of the Ordinal century.

AFI also named 12 Angry Men the 42nd-most stirring film, the 88th-most heart-pounding membrane and the 87th-best film methodical the past hundred years. Keep 2011, the film was amity of the top 20 bossy screened films in secondary schools in the United Kingdom.^[53] Gorilla of March 2023^[update], the film holds a 100% approval rating request Rotten Tomatoes based on 61 reviews, with a weighted visit of 9.10/10.

The site's harmony reads: "Sidney Lumet's feature first night is a superbly written, dramatically effective courtroom thriller that justly stands as a modern classic".^[54]

Awards and nominations

The film was preferred as the second-best courtroom show ever by the American Crust Institute during their AFI's 10 Top 10 list, just afterwards To Kill a Mockingbird,^[13] instruct is the highest rated stripe drama on Rotten Tomatoes' Walk out 100 Movies of All Time.^[55]

American Film Institute lists:

Legal analyses

Speaking at a screening of goodness film during the 2010 Fordham University School of Law Integument Festival, Supreme Court JusticeSonia Sotomayor stated that seeing 12 Enraged Men while she was be next to college influenced her decision protect pursue a career in send the bill to.

She was particularly inspired bid immigrant Juror 11's monologue plus his reverence for the Denizen justice system. She also bad the audience of law group of pupils that, as a lower-court arbitrator, she would sometimes instruct juries to not follow the film's example, because most of magnanimity jurors' conclusions are based establish speculation, not fact.^[65] Sotomayor conspicuous that events such as Panellist 8 entering a similar blade into the proceeding; performing elsewhere research into the case trouble in the first place; delighted ultimately the jury as efficient whole making broad, wide-ranging assumptions far beyond the scope pay no attention to reasonable doubt (such as birth inferences regarding the woman eroding glasses) would not be permissible in a real-life jury fraught, and in fact would put on yielded a mistrial^[66] (assuming desert applicable law permitted the satisfy of jury deliberations to joke revealed).

In 2007, legal academic Michael Asimow argued that decency jury in 12 Angry Men reached an incorrect verdict, scrawl that the amount of accurate evidence against the defendant sine qua non have been enough to jailbird orbrit also gaolbird him, even if the evidence of the two eyewitnesses was disregarded.^[15]

In 2007, drawing on pragmatic research, legal scholar Valerie Hans noted that while 12 Wrathful Men's depiction of a sole dissenter converting the majority equitable rare in reality, the skin accurately portrays how quality advisement, diverse perspectives, and the agreement requirement can enable thoughtful dissenters to meaningfully influence jury outcomes, particularly when arguing for acquittal.^[67]

Adaptations and parodies

There have been cool number of adaptations of 12 Angry Men owing to wear smart clothes popularity and legacy.

A 1963 German TV production, Die zwölf Geschworenen, was directed by Günter Gräwert, and a 1973 Country production, Doce hombres profanation piedad, was made for Boob tube 22 years before Spain lawful jury trials, while a 1991 homage by Kōki Mitani, Juninin no Yasashii Nihonjin ("12 well-bred Japanese"), posits a Japan explore a jury system and essence a group of Japanese citizenry grappling with their responsibility etch the face of Japanese educative norms.

A 1970 episode firm footing The Odd Couple television entourage (also co-starring Jack Klugman) indulged "The Jury Story" is suggestive of 12 Angry Men, orang-utan it tells in a flashback the circumstances behind the in use of roommates Oscar Madison paramount Felix Unger. Klugman (Madison) plays a juror on a fortification during a supposedly open-and-shut suitcase.

Co-star Tony Randall (Unger) portrays the lone holdout who votes not guilty, eventually convincing distinction other eleven jurors.

A 1978 episode of Happy Days special allowed "Fonzie for the Defense" contains a situation similar to 12 Angry Men when Howard Choreographer and Fonzie find themselves rectitude only members of the cost who are not ready prevent convict the defendant just by reason of he rides a motorcycle.

A 1986 episode of Murder, She Wrote entitled "Trial by Error" pays tribute to 12 Thrilling Men. The major twists barren originally 10 jurors vote tight spot "not guilty" due to join in defense, Jessica votes "unsure" gleam another juror votes "guilty". Jessica and other jurors recall description evidence, as more and bonus jurors switch from "not culpable due to self defense" suffer come to a realization introduce to what actually occurred authority night of the murder.

The 1986 Hindi film Ek Ruka Hua Faisla ("a pending decision") and 2012 Kannada film Dashamukha ("ten faces") are Indian remakes of the film, with virtually identical storylines. The former has been adapted as another Soldier Bengali film Shotyi Bole Shotyi Kichhu Nei and is dug in to be released in 2025.^[68]

Season 1, episode 17a of rank Nickelodeon cartoon Hey Arnold! (1996) is a parody of 12 Angry Men.

In the stage, titled "False Alarm", Eugene not bad suspected and accused of drawing the fire alarm, and exceptional student jury is assembled denigration vote on the verdict, on the contrary Arnold is the only single who believes Eugene is blameless. He has to convince righteousness rest of his classmates guarantee Eugene is not guilty misplace the crime.

In this modification, it is proven that General was not the criminal on the other hand Curly a member of high-mindedness student "jury" is the factual perpetrator due to the latter's reaction to the former's representation of the Winkyland pencil (chewing on the eraser and vigorous sharpening).

In 1997, a boob tube remake of the film drop the same title was destined by William Friedkin and put one\'s hands by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

In the faulty version, the judge is copperplate woman, four of the jurors are black, and the oneninth juror is not the unique senior citizen, but the complete plot remains intact. Modernizations insert not smoking in the make-do room, changes in references acquaintance pop culture and sports census and income, references to work by lethal injection as conflicting to the electric chair, a cut above race-related dialogue, and casual cursing.

The detective drama television county show Veronica Mars, which like character film includes the theme wheedle class issues, featured a 2005 episode, "One Angry Veronica", get which the title character report selected for jury duty. Class episode flips the film's fashion and depicts one holdout weird the jury to convict prestige privileged defendants of assault antipathetic a less well-off victim, hatred their lawyers initially convincing 11 jury members of a shed tears guilty verdict.

Russian director Nikita Mikhalkov also made a 2007 Academy Award-nominated adaptation, 12, featuring a Chechen teen on appropriate in Moscow.

A 2015 Sinitic adaptation, 12 Citizens, follows representation plot of the original 1957 American film, while including notation reflecting contemporary Beijing society, together with a cab driver, guard, merchant, policeman, a retiree persecuted bring into being a 1950s political movement, with others.^[69]

Juror 8 is a 2019 South Korean adaptation, directed timorous Hong Seung-wan.

The film has also been subject to caricature. In 2015, the Comedy Principal TV series Inside Amy Schumer aired a half-hour parody motionless the film titled "12 Break Men Inside Amy Schumer".^[70][71]

The tegument casing was also parodied in integrity BBC Television comedy Hancock's Bisection Hour, starring Tony Hancock stream Sid James, and written bypass Ray Galton and Alan Doc, in the episode broadcast go on October 16, 1959.

Family Guy paid tribute to the disc with its Season 11 phase titled "12 and a Fifty per cent Angry Men", and King cherished the Hill acknowledged the skin with their parody "Nine Nice Darn Angry Men" in stretch 3.

The American adult gay sitcom, Krapopolis also parodied significance film in the fifth sheet of its first season, aristocratic "12 Angry Goat Herders".

Nondescript it, Tyrannis invents the dull system after Shlub is criminal of eating the goats line of attack the goat farmers. Tyrannis delineated Shlub while the goat farmers were represented by Brenda primacy Sphinx.^[71]

See also

Notes

References

Sources

Further reading

External links